LEGAL REGULATION OF COUNTERING DISINFORMATION IN THE AGE OF AI

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of generative Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter - AI) has revolutionized the creation of disinformation, rendering traditional, static legal frameworks insufficient. This study examines the multifaceted legal challenges posed by AI-driven threats, specifically focusing on deepfakes and automated manipulative content that jeopardize democratic stability. Methodology. The research utilizes a comparative and doctrinal analysis of the European Union’s regulatory landscape. Specifically, it evaluates the efficacy of the EU AI Act and the Digital Services Act (hereinafter – DSA) concerning transparency obligations, technical watermarking, and algorithmic accountability. The analysis reveals that while current mechanisms provide a foundation for oversight, significant legal gaps remain in addressing the automated nature of synthetic media and the jurisdictional challenges of anonymous creators. Findings indicate that rigid mandates often struggle to keep pace with evolving technological capabilities. The study concludes that a resilient, adaptive regulatory framework is necessary to preserve national security and democratic integrity. It argues for a living legal system that balances technical enforcement with the protection of fundamental digital rights, ensuring that efforts to counter disinformation do not result in over-censorship or the infringement of freedom of expression.