ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS CYBERATTACKS AS WAR CRIMES. LEGAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN MODERN MILITARY CONFLICTS

Abstract

Cyber operations have emerged as significant elements of modern warfare, particularly in conflicts like those in Ukraine, where cyberattacks target essential infrastructure alongside physical military actions. This paper examines the potential for cyberattacks to be classified as war crimes under international law, analyzing criteria established by international legal frameworks such as the Rome Statute, Additional Protocol I, and the Tallinn Manual on International Law Applicable to Cyberwarfare. Through case studies and legal analysis, this paper outlines the challenges and implications of prosecuting cyber operations that harm civilians and critical infrastructure in conflict zones.