INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITIVENESS OF POLAND AFTER TWO DECADES OF EU MEMBERSHIP

Abstract

The aim of the article is to assess the changes in Poland’s technological development and international competitive position in the field of technology in the context of integration with the European Union. The analyzed period — 1995–2023 — was chosen in order to answer the following research questions: (1) what changes have occurred in the area of the country’s technological competitiveness? and (2) what government policies support the development of innovation? The study applies a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of technological indicators with a qualitative assessment of political strategies and innovation support programs. The results indicate an improvement in Poland’s technological capabilities, particularly in the IT sector and high-tech industries, supported by EU funds and international cooperation. At the same time, challenges such as insufficient commercialization of innovations and a focus on medium-tech sectors limit the full use of Poland’s potential. Therefore, it remains necessary to strengthen the national innovation ecosystem so that Poland can achieve a lasting competitive advantage in the global knowledge-based economy.