Opportunity Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network for Submarine Detection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2022.5.4781Keywords:
Submarine Detection;, Underwater Wireless Sensor Network, Dynamic Routing, Energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and End-to-End DelayAbstract
The submarine detection is the most significant research area of Under Water Acoustic (UWA) environment with extensive application in commercial and navy domains. The environmental complexity and variable nature of the UWA makes Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) to exhibit fluidity, sparse deployment, time unpredictability, frequency selectivity, limited accessible bandwidth and energy constraints pose problems in the underwater positioning technology. Thus, an adaptable, scalable, and highly efficient UWA is required for the submarine routing systems. The depth-based routing has received lots of interest as it is capable of delivering effective operation without requiring full-dimensional position information of nodes. However, it has issues of vacant regions and detouring forwards. To delineate the aforementioned problems, this paper proposes an Opportunity-based Distance Vector Routing (ODVR) technique. The distance vectors, which have lowest hop counts in the direction of sink for underwater sensor nodes are determined by ODVR through a query method. Depending on the distance vectors, a dynamic routing is created to manage the packet forwarding. In the opportunistic forwarding, the ODVR has a minimal signaling cost and minimum energy consumption with the potential of eliminating the long detours issues. The outcomes of simulations demonstrate that the ODVR outperforms the conventional routing algorithms.
References
J. Kong, J.-H. Cui, D.Wu, and M. Gerla, "Building underwater ad-hoc networks and sensor networks for large scale real-time aquatic applications,"in Proc. IEEE Mil. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM ), Oct. 2005, pp. 1535_1541.
M. K. Watfa, T. Nsouli, M. Al-Ayache, and O. Ayyash, "Reactive localization in underwater wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf.Comput. Netw. Technol., Apr. 2010, pp. 244_248.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCNT.2010.58
G. Han, Z. Tang, Y. He, J. Jiang, and J. A. Ansere, "District partition-baseddata collection algorithm with event dynamic competition in underwater acoustic sensor networks," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 5755_5764, Oct. 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2912320
Khan, A., Ali, I., Ghani, A., Khan, N., Alsaqer, M., Rahman, A. U., & Mahmood, H. (2018). Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks: Taxonomy, research challenges, routing strategies and future directions. Sensors, 18(5), 1619.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051619
Y. Cui, J. Qing, Q. Guan, F. Ji and G. Wei, "Stochastically optimized fountain-based transmissions over underwater acoustic channels," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 2108-2112, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2332351
Li, N., Martinez-Ortega, J. F., Diaz, V. H., & Fernandez, J. A. S. (2018). Probability predictionbased reliable and efficient opportunistic routing algorithm for VANETs. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 26(4), 1933-1947.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2018.2852220
Z. Wang, G. Han, H. Qin, S. Zhang, and Y. Sui, "An energy-aware and void-avoidable routing protocol for underwater sensor networks," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 7792-7801, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2805804
S. Coate an and A. Glavieux, "Design and test of a multicarrier transmission system on the shallow water acoustic channel," OCEANS '94. 'Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation.' Proceedings, Brest, 1994, pp. III/472-III/477, vol. 3.
Liu, J., Wang, Z., Cui, J. H., Zhou, S., & Yang, B. (2015). A joint time synchronization and localization design for mobile underwater sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 15(3), 530-543.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2015.2410777
Y. Haitao, N. Yao, and J. Liu, "An adaptive routing protocol in underwater sparse acoustic sensor networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 34, pp. 121-143, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2014.09.016
Y. Chen, F. Ji, Q. Guan, F. Cheng, and H. Yu, "Adaptive RTO for handshaking-based MAC protocols in underwater Acoustic networks". Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 86, pp. 1185-1192, Aug. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.08.022
Ismail, M., Islam, M., Ahmad, I., Khan, F. A., Qazi, A. B., Khan, Z. H., ... & Al-Rakhami, M. (2020). Reliable path selection and opportunistic routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access, 8, 100346 100364.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992759
M. Ismail et al., "Reliable Path Selection and Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 100346-100364, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992759
Bai, W., Wang, H., He, K., & Zhao, R. (2018). Path diversity improved opportunistic routing for underwater sensor networks. Sensors, 18(4), 1293.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041293
Lu, Y., He, R., Chen, X., Lin, B., & Yu, C. (2020). Energy-efficient depth-based opportunistic routing with q-learning for underwater wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 20(4), 1025.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041025
Rahman, M. A., Lee, Y., & Koo, I. (2017). EECOR: An energy-efficient cooperative opportunistic routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Access, 5, 14119-14132.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2730233
A. Yahya et al., "Cooperative Routing for Energy Efficient Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 141888-141899, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2941422
K. Saeed, W. Khalil, S. Ahmed, I. Ahmad and M. N. K. Khattak, "SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 107419-107433, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000863
S. H. Bouk, S. H. Ahmed, K. Park, and Y. Eun, "EDOVE: energy and depth variance-based opportunistic void avoidance scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks", Sensors, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2212, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102212
Li, Y., Cai, K., Zhang, Y., Tang, Z.,& Jiang, T. (2019). Localization and tracking for AUVs in marine information networks: Research directions, recent advances, and challenges. IEEE Network, 33(6), 78-85.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2019.1800406
Al-Salti, F., Alzeidi, N., & Day, K. (2020). Localization Schemes for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey. Int. J. Comput. Netw. Commun, 12, 113-130.
https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12307
Karim, S., Shaikh, F. K., Chowdhry, B. S., Mehmood, Z., Tariq, U., Naqvi, R. A., & Ahmed, A. (2021). GCORP: Geographic and cooperative opportunistic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks. IEEE Access, 9, 27650-27667.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058600
N, Javaid, A. Sher, W. Abdul, I. A. Niaz, A. Almogren, A. Alamri, "Cooperative opportunistic pressure based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks", Sensors, vol. 17, no. 3, pp.629, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030629
Mazinani, S. M., Yousefi, H., & Mirzaie, M. (2018). A vector-based routing protocol in underwater wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 100(4), 1569-1583.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5654-0
Alfouzan, F., Shahrabi, A., Ghoreyshi, S. M., & Boutaleb, T. (2018, August). An energyconserving depth-based layering mac protocol for underwater sensor networks. In 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2018.8690910
Li, N., MartÃnez, J. F., Meneses Chaus, J. M., & Eckert, M. (2016). A survey on underwater acoustic sensor network routing protocols. Sensors, 16(3), 414.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030414
J. Luo, Y. Chen, M. Wu and Y. Yang, "A Survey of Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 137-160, Firstquarter 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.3048190
R. W. Coutinho, A. Boukerche, L.F. Vieira, , A. A. Loureiro, "GEDAR: geographic and opportunistic routing protocol with depth adjustment for mobile underwater sensor networks", 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2014, pp. 251256.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2014.6883327
Sajid, M.; Wahid, A.; Pervaiz, K.; Khizar, M.; Khan, Z. A.; Qasim, U.; Javaid, N., "SMIC: Sink Mobility with Incremental Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," EEE International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, IEEE, 2016..
https://doi.org/10.1109/CISIS.2016.127
Manal Al-Bzoor.; Yibo Zhu.; Jun Liu.; Reda Ammar.; Jun-Hong Cui.; Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, "An adaptive power controlled routing protocol for underwater sensor network," Int. J. Sensor Networks, 2015, 18.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSNET.2015.070397
H. Luo, X. Xie, G. Han, R. Ruby, F. Hong and Y. Liang, "Multimodal Acoustic-RF Adaptive Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 134954- 134967, 2019.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 SHAKILA R
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ONLINE OPEN ACCES: Acces to full text of each article and each issue are allowed for free in respect of Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0.
You are free to:
-Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
-Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
DISCLAIMER: The author(s) of each article appearing in International Journal of Computers Communications & Control is/are solely responsible for the content thereof; the publication of an article shall not constitute or be deemed to constitute any representation by the Editors or Agora University Press that the data presented therein are original, correct or sufficient to support the conclusions reached or that the experiment design or methodology is adequate.
