Modeling of Characteristics on Artificial Intelligence IQ Test: a Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Based Dynamic Scenario Analysis
Keywords:
fuzzy cognitive Map (FCM), inference simulation, artificial intelligent system, dynamic scenario analysis, IQ Test, linguistic analysisAbstract
This research article uses a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) approach to improve an earlier proposed IQ test characteristics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The defuzzification process makes use of fuzzy logic and the triangular membership function along with linguistic term analyses. Each edge of the proposed FCM is assigned to a positive or negative influence type associated with a quantitative weight. All the weights are based on the defuzzified value in the defuzzification results. This research also leverages a dynamic scenario analysis to investigate the interrelationships between driver concepts and other concepts. Worst and best-case scenarios have been conducted on the correlation among concepts. We also use an inference simulation to examine the concepts importance order and the FCM convergence status. The analysis results not only examine the FCM complexity, but also draws insightful conclusions.References
Afuah, A.; Afuah, A. (2003). Innovation management: strategies, implementation and profits, 2003.
Agrawal, R.; Mannila, H.; Srikant, R.; Toivonen, H.; Verkamo, A. I. (1996). Fast discovery of association rules. Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining, 12(1), 307-328, 1996.
Alexander, P. A.; Jetton, T. L.; Kulikowich, J. M. (1995). Interrelationship of knowledge, interest, and recall: Assessing a model of domain learning, Journal of educational psychology, 87(4), 559, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.87.4.559
Askew, M. (1998). Teaching Primary Mathematics: A guide for newly qualified & student teachers. Hodder & Stoughton, 1998.
Baroody, A. J. (1999). Children's relational knowledge of addition and subtraction, Cognition and Instruction, 17(2), 137-175, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532690XCI170201
Bereiter, C.; Scardamalia, M. (1989). Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, 361-392, 1989. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315044408-12
Bostic, K. (2013). Nuance confirms its voice technology is behind Apple's Siri, AppleInsider, 2013.
Chen, G. S.; Jheng, Y.; Liu, H.; Chen, S. (2007). A novel scoring method for stroke order based on choquet integral with fuzzy measure, Proceedings of the 7th Conference on 7th WSEAS international Conference on Applied Computer Science, 7, 82-87, 2007.
Collombat, I. (2006). General knowledge: A basic translation problem solving Tool. Translation Studies in the new Millennium, Bilkent University, 2006.
Cowan, R.; Donlan, C.; Shepherd, D. L.; Cole-Fletcher, R., Saxton, M.; Hurry, J. (2011). Basic calculation proficiency and mathematics achievement in elementary school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(4), 786, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024556
De Smedt, B.; Reynvoet, B.; Swillen, A.; Verschaffel, L.; Boets, B.; Ghesquiere, P. (2009). Basic number processing and difficulties in single-digit arithmetic: Evidence from Velo- Cardio-Facial Syndrome, Cortex, 45(2), 177-188, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.06.003
De Smedt, B.; Gilmore, C. K. (2011). Defective number module or impaired access? Numerical magnitude processing in first graders with mathematical difficulties, Journal of experimental child psychology, 108(2), 278-292, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.003
Delisle, J. (2003). Manuel d'initiation a la traduction professionnelle de l'anglais vers le francais La traduction raisonnee, 2e edition, University of Ottawa Press, 2003.
Dzitac, I.; Filip, F. G.; Manolescu M.J. (2017). Fuzzy Logic Is Not Fuzzy: World-renowned Computer Scientist Lotfi A. Zadeh, International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, 12(6), 748-789, 2017. https://doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2017.6.3111
Feigenson, L.; Dehaene, S.; Spelke, E. (2004). Core systems of number. Trends in cognitive sciences, 8(7), 307-314, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.002
Gopnik, A.; Meltzoff, A. N. (1984). Semantic and cognitive development in 15-to 21-monthold children, Journal of child language, 11(3), 495-513, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900005912
Hull, J. J. (1994). A database for handwritten text recognition research, IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 16(5), 550-554, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.291440
Klahr, D.; Dunbar, K. (1988). Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive science, 12(1), 1-48, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1201_1
Klir, G.; Yuan, B. (1995). Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic , 4, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1109/45.468220
Koperski, K.; Han, J. (1995). Discovery of spatial association rules in geographic information databases, International Symposium on Spatial Databases, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 47- 66, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60159-7_4
Lewis-Beck, M.; Bryman, A. E.; Liao, T. F. (2003). The Sage encyclopedia of social science research methods, Sage Publications, 2003. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589
Linnenbrink-Garcia, L.; Pugh, K. J.; Koskey, K. L.; Stewart, V. C. (2012). Developing conceptual understanding of natural selection: The role of interest, efficacy, and basic prior knowledge. The Journal of Experimental Education, 80(1), 45-68, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2011.559491
Liu, F.; Shi, Y.; Wang, B. (2015). World search engine IQ test based on the internet IQ evaluation algorithms, International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 14(02), 221-237, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622015500030
Liu, F.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, Y.; Chen, Z.; Feng, X. (2018). Analyzing the Impact of Characteristics on Artificial Intelligence IQ Test: A Fuzzy Cognitive Map Approach, Procedia computer science, 139, 82-90, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.221
Luhn, H. P. (1958). The automatic creation of literature abstracts. IBM Journal of research and development, 2(2), 159-165, 1958. https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.22.0159
MacDonald, N. (1983). Trees and networks in biological models, 1983.
Mago, V. K.; Morden, H. K.; Fritz, C.; Wu, T.; Namazi, S.; Geranmayeh, P.; Dabbaghian, V. (2013). Analyzing the impact of social factors on homelessness: a Fuzzy Cognitive Map approach. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 13(1), 94, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-94
Mandler, J. M.; Bauer, P. J. (1988). The cradle of categorization: Is the basic level basic?, Cognitive development, 3(3), 247-264, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-2014(88)90011-1
Miyake, N.; Norman, D. A. (1979). To ask a question, one must know enough to know what is not known, Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 18(3), 357-364, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90200-7
Nation, K.; Snowling, M. J. (1998). Semantic processing and the development of wordrecognition skills: Evidence from children with reading comprehension difficulties. Journal of memory and language, 39(1), 85-101, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1998.2564
Njoo, M.; De Jong, T. (1993). Exploratory learning with a computer simulation for control theory: Learning processes and instructional support. Journal of research in science teaching, 30(8), 821-844, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660300803
Piatetsky-Shapiro, G. (1996). Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining (Vol. 21). U. M. Fayyad, P. Smyth, R. Uthurusamy (Eds.). Menlo Park: AAAI press, 1996.
Poole, D. L.; Mackworth, A. K.; Goebel, R. (1998). Computational intelligence: a logical approach, 1, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Qian, G.; Alvermann, D. (1995). Role of epistemological beliefs and learned helplessness in secondary school students' learning science concepts from text. Journal of educational psychology, 87(2), 282, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.87.2.282
Rugg, G.; McGeorge, P. (1997). The sorting techniques: a tutorial paper on card sorts, picture sorts and item sorts, Expert Systems, 14(2), 80-93, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00045
Rusell, S.; Norvig, P. (2003). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence, 1, 2003.
Salmeron, J. L. (2012). Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Artificial Emotions Forecasting , Applied Soft Computing. 12 (2), 3704-3710, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2012.01.015
Scardamalia, M.; Bereiter, C. (1992). Text-based and knowledge based questioning by children, Cognition and instruction, 9(3), 177-199, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0903_1
Stanovich, K. E.; Bauer, D. W. (1978). Experiments on the spelling-to-sound regularity effect in word recognition, Memory & Cognition, 6(4), 410-415, 1978. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197473
Stanovich, K. E. (1991). Word recognition: Changing perspectives. Handbook of reading research, 2, 418-452, 1991.
Talaya, A. E. (2008). Principios de marketing. Esic Editorial, 2008.
Van Joolingen, W. (1998). Cognitive tools for discovery learning, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_5
Wang, K.; Babenko, B.; Belongie, S. (2011). End-to-end scene text recognition. 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, 1457-1464, 2011.
Zhu, Y.; Tan, T.; Wang, Y. (2001). Font recognition based on global texture analysis. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 23(10), 1192-1200, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.954608
Published
Issue
Section
License
ONLINE OPEN ACCES: Acces to full text of each article and each issue are allowed for free in respect of Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0.
You are free to:
-Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
-Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
DISCLAIMER: The author(s) of each article appearing in International Journal of Computers Communications & Control is/are solely responsible for the content thereof; the publication of an article shall not constitute or be deemed to constitute any representation by the Editors or Agora University Press that the data presented therein are original, correct or sufficient to support the conclusions reached or that the experiment design or methodology is adequate.