Multi-criteria Receiver Self-Election Scheme for Optimal Packet Forwarding in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Authors

  • Rashid Hafeez Khokhar Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Md Asri Ngadi Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohammad Shafie Latiff Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Saqib Ali Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Keywords:

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks, VANET Routing, Geographical Forwarding, Multi-Criteria Waiting Function

Abstract

In most of the existing geographical forwarding methods of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET), a node periodically sends “hello” messages to determine the positional information of its direct neighbors. Each node stores and maintains more or less accurate information of its direct neighbors in a table. However, due to high mobility vehicles and traffic congestion the stored neighbors information is quickly outdated, failure notification increases significantly, and leading sub-optimal path. Furthermore, the transmission of periodic “hello” messages and table maintenance consume resources, which is not suitable for sensitive VANET. In this paper, we propose a geographical forwarding mechanism based on Multi-criteria Receiver Self- Election (MRSE) scheme to find best next hop without sending the periodic “hello” messages and maintaining neighbors information in the table. The selection of best next hop is based on the multi-criteria waiting function. In this function, the four key parameters including link life time, optimal distance from sender to receiver, optimal transmission range, and received power are determined to enable the next candidate node to make packet forwarding decisions. The simulation results show that the MRSE scheme performs up to 22% better in terms of packet delivery ratio as compared to some existing schemes. In terms of average delay, MRSE scheme performs best, with as much as 81% decrease compared to some existing schemes.

Author Biography

Rashid Hafeez Khokhar, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

References

C.E. Perkins and E.M. Royer, Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing, Proc.of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications, pp.90-100, 1999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCSA.1999.749281

David B. Johnson and David A. Maltz, Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

P. Jacquet, P. Muhlethaler, T. Clausen, A. Laouiti, A. Qayyum, and L. Viennot, Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks, Technical report, HIPERCOM Projet, INRIA Rocquencourt, 62-68, 2001.

Brad Karp and H. T. Kung, Gpsr: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In MobiCom '00: Proc. of the 6th annual int. conf. on Mobile computing and networking, New York, NY, USA, 243-254, 2000.

Prosenjit Bose, Pat Morin, Ivan Stojmenovic, and Jorge Urrutia, Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks, Wireless Networks, 7(6):609-616, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012319418150

Fabian Kuhn, Roger Wattenhofer, Yan Zhang, and Aaron Zollinger, Geometric ad-hoc routing: of theory and practice, In PODC '03: Proc. of the twenty-second annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing,New York, NY, USA, 63-72, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/872035.872044

Christian Lochert, Martin Mauve, Holger Fussler, and Hannes Hartenstein, Geographic routing in city scenarios, SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., 9:69-72, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1055959.1055970

K.C. Lee, J. Haerri, Uichin Lee, and M. Gerla, Enhanced perimeter routing for geographic forwarding protocols in urban vehicular scenarios. In Globecom Workshops, 2007 IEEE, 1-10, 2007.

Kevin C. Lee, Pei-Chun Cheng, and Mario Gerla, Geocross: A geographic routing protocol in the presence of loops in urban scenarios, Ad Hoc Networks, 8(5):474-488, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2009.12.005

R. Khokhar, R. Md Noor, K. Ghafoor, C-H Ke, and N. Md Asri. Fuzzy-assisted social-based routing for urban vehicular environments, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2011(1):178, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2011-178

C. Lochert, H. Hartenstein, J. Tian, H. Fussler, D. Hermann, and M. Mauve, A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments, Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2003. Proceedings. IEEE, 156-161, 2003.

Tonghong Li, S.K. Hazra, and W. Seah, A position-based routing protocol for metropolitan bus networks, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005. VTC 2005-Spring. 2005 IEEE 61st, 4:2315-2319, 2005.

Holger Fubler, Jrg Widmer, Michael Ksemann, Martin Mauve, and Hannes Hartenstein, Contention-based forwarding for mobile ad hoc networks, Ad Hoc Networks, 1(4):351-369, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-8705(03)00038-6

K. Egoh and S. De. A multi-criteria receiver-side relay election approach in wireless ad hoc networks. In Military Communications Conference, MILCOM 2006, IEEE, 1-7, 2006.

Komlan Egoh and Swades De, Priority-based receiver-side relay election in wireless ad hoc sensor networks. In IWCMC '06: Proc. of the 2006 int. conf.on Wireless communications and mobile computing, New York, NY, USA, 1177-1182, 2006

Mohit Chawla, Nishith Goel, Kalai Kalaichelvan, Amiya Nayak, and Ivan Stojmenovic, Beaconless position based routing with guaranteed delivery for wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. In Ad-Hoc Networking, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Springer Boston,212:61-70. 2006.

M. Zorzi and R.R. Rao, Geographic random forwarding (geraf) for ad hoc and sensor networks: multihop performance, Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 2(4):337-348, oct. 2003.

S. De, On hop count and euclidean distance in greedy forwarding in wireless ad hoc networks. Communications Letters, IEEE, 9(11):1000-1002, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2005.11019

Karim Seada, Marco Zuniga, Ahmed Helmy, and Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks. In Proc. of the 2nd int. conf. on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys '04, 108-121, 2004.

Seungjoon Lee, Bobby Bhattacharjee, and Suman Banerjee, Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks. In Proc. of the 6th ACM int. symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, MobiHoc '05, New York, NY, USA, 230-241, 2005.

M.R. Souryal and N. Moayeri, Channel-adaptive relaying in mobile ad hoc networks with fading, In Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2005. IEEE SECON 2005. 2005 Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on, 142-152, 2005.

Valery Naumov, Rainer Baumann, and Thomas Gross, An evaluation of inter-vehicle ad hoc networks based on realistic vehicular traces, In MobiHoc '06: Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, New York, NY, USA, 108-119, 2006.

S. Schnaufer and W. Effelsberg, Position-based unicast routing for city scenarios. In World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2008 International Symposium on a, 1-8, 2008.

J. Nzouonta, N. Rajgure, Guiling Wang, and C. Borcea, Vanet routing on city roads using real-time vehicular traffic information. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 58(7):3609-3626, 2009.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer scpecifications.

Gang Zhou, Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, and John A. Stankovic, Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks, In MobiSys '04: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, 125-138, 2004.

Chih-Heng Ke, Chih-Cheng Wei, Kawuu W. Lin, and Jen-Wen Ding, A smart exponentialthreshold- linear backoff mechanism for ieee 802.11 wlans, Int. J. of Communication Systems, 24(8):1033-1048, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.1210

T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2nd edition edition, 2002.

R. Khokhar, A. Ngadi, M. S. Latiff, and M. A. Amin, Reactive traffic-aware routing strategy for urban vehicular environments, International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 10(3):149-163, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJAHUC.2012.048625

Tiger. tiger/line and tiger-related products. u.s. census bureau, 2011.

Swans++. Swans++ - extensions to the scalable wireless ad-hoc network simulator, 2011.

David R. Choffnes and Fabian E. Bustamante. An integrated mobility and traffic model for vehicular wireless networks. In VANET '05: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks, New York, NY, USA, 69-78, 2005.

Published

2014-09-13

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.